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Arnool Testing & Certification

PV Inverter Exports: Grid-Code Comparison Across 17 Markets

Arnool Testing & CertificationSource: Arnool compilation based on current standardsViews 13
PV Inverter Exports: Grid-Code Comparison Across 17 Markets

PV Inverter Exports: Grid-Code Comparison Across 17 Markets: key points

For PV inverters the hard part of export certification is not safety (IEC 62109 is fairly uniform) but grid connection: every utility has its own connection standard, protection settings and ride-through curves. A unit that passes in China may fail in Germany on reactive range, or in Italy on the rate of active power reduction under overvoltage.

1. Seventeen markets at a glance

  • China: GB/T 37408-2019, with GB/T 37409 and NB/T 32004 covering test items.
  • USA: IEEE Std 1547-2018, certified via UL 1741 SB.
  • EU: EN 50549-1 (LV) and -2 (MV), 2019 edition with A1:2023.
  • UK: G98 (up to 16 A per phase) and G99 (above 16 A per phase).
  • Germany: VDE-AR-N 4105:2026; Italy: CEI 0-21; Poland: NC RfG implementation with PN-EN 50549.
  • Australia: AS/NZS 4777.2:2020 Amd 2:2024; Japan: JET.
  • India: IS 18968:2025; Korea: KS C 8565.
  • Brazil: ANEEL PRODIST Module 3; South Africa: NRS 097-2-1:2024 with CoC.
  • Saudi Arabia: SEC technical connection standard; UAE: DEWA DRRG; Israel: SI 4777.
  • Russia: GOST 32144-2013, GOST R IEC 61727-2016, GOST 34966.1-2023.

2. Three main lines

China centres on reactive capability classes and four power-quality indicators. The USA centres on four voltage control modes, ride-through and interoperability in IEEE 1547, made testable by UL 1741 SB. The EU centres on EN 50549 operating range, FRT and interface protection, where A1:2023 made FRT mandatory for Type A.

Most other markets localise one of these three: the UK adds its own protection tables, Italy adds reactive curves and power reduction rates, Australia requires a DRM interface, and India replaces THD with TRD.

3. Planning advice

  • Fix the target-market list first, then derive firmware parameter sets; keep one platform with configurable parameter sets rather than one model per market.
  • Sequence safety (IEC 62109-1/-2, UL 62109), grid (EN 50549, IEEE 1547, GB/T 37408) and grid protection (IEC 62116 anti-islanding) in parallel.
  • Ride-through and reactive capability cause most rework, so run an internal pre-test before official sampling.

Related service: PV inverter grid-connection certification

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